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Zosefera za Pass ya Pass Yopanda Mphamvu

Zosefera za Pass ya Pass Yopanda MphamvuZingapangidwe polumikiza fyuluta yotsika ndi fyuluta yotsika

Filter ya Pass ya Pass ya Pass ya Pass ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupatula kapena kusefa ma frequency ena omwe ali mkati mwa band inayake kapena ma frequency osiyanasiyana. Ma frequency odulidwa kapena ƒc point mu RC passive filter yosavuta imatha kuwongoleredwa molondola pogwiritsa ntchito resistor imodzi yokha motsatizana ndi capacitor yopanda polarized, ndipo kutengera njira yomwe alumikizidwa, taona kuti fyuluta ya Low Pass kapena High Pass imapezeka.

Njira imodzi yosavuta yogwiritsira ntchito ma filters ongokhala chete ndi mu ma audio amplifier applications kapena ma circuits monga ma filters ozungulira ma loudspeaker kapena ma pre-amplifier tone controls. Nthawi zina ndikofunikira kungodutsa ma frequency enaake omwe sayamba pa 0Hz, (DC) kapena kutha pamalo ena apamwamba koma ali mkati mwa ma frequency enaake, opapatiza kapena otakata.

Mwa kulumikiza kapena "kugawa" pamodzi dera limodzi la Low Pass Filter ndi dera la High Pass Filter, titha kupanga mtundu wina wa fyuluta ya RC yopanda mphamvu yomwe imadutsa dera losankhidwa kapena "gulu" la ma frequency omwe angakhale ochepa kapena otakata pamene akuchepetsa onse omwe ali kunja kwa derali. Mtundu watsopanowu wa fyuluta yopanda mphamvu umapanga fyuluta yosankha ma frequency yomwe imadziwika kuti Band Pass Filter kapena BPF mwachidule.

Mosiyana ndi fyuluta yotsika yomwe imangopereka zizindikiro za ma frequency otsika kapena fyuluta yotsika yomwe imangopereka zizindikiro za ma frequency apamwamba, Ma Band Pass Filters amatumiza zizindikiro mkati mwa "band" inayake kapena "spread" ya ma frequency popanda kusokoneza chizindikiro cholowera kapena kuyambitsa phokoso lowonjezera. Mzerewu wa ma frequency ukhoza kukhala m'lifupi lililonse ndipo umadziwika kuti ma filters Bandwidth.

Bandwidth nthawi zambiri imafotokozedwa ngati ma frequency range omwe alipo pakati pa ma frequency cut-off points awiri (ƒc), omwe ali 3dB pansi pa maximum center kapena resonant peak pomwe akuchepetsa kapena kufooketsa ena kunja kwa ma points awiriwa.

Kenako pa ma frequency ofalikira kwambiri, titha kungotanthauzira mawu oti "bandwidth", BW ngati kusiyana pakati pa ma points otsika odulidwa (ƒcLOWER) ndi ma points apamwamba odulidwa (ƒcHIGHER). Mwanjira ina, BW = ƒH – ƒL. Mwachionekere, kuti fyuluta ya pass band igwire ntchito bwino, ma frequency odulidwa a fyuluta yotsika yodutsa ayenera kukhala okwera kuposa ma frequency odulidwa a fyuluta yodutsa yokwera.

Fyuluta ya Band Pass "yabwino" ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kupatula kapena kusefa ma frequency ena omwe ali mkati mwa gulu linalake la ma frequency, mwachitsanzo, kuletsa phokoso. Ma filter a Band pass amadziwika kuti ma filter a second-order, (two-pole) chifukwa ali ndi "two" reactive component, ma capacitor, mkati mwa kapangidwe kawo ka circuit. Capacitor imodzi mu low pass circuit ndi capacitor ina mu high pass circuit.

Bode Plot kapena frequency response curve pamwambapa ikuwonetsa makhalidwe a band pass filter. Apa chizindikirocho chimachepetsedwa pama frequency otsika ndipo output ikukwera pa slope ya +20dB/Decade (6dB/Octave) mpaka frequency itafika pa "lower cut-off" point ƒL. Pa frequency iyi, output voltage ndi 1/√2 = 70.7% ya input signal value kapena -3dB (20*log(VOUT/VIN)) ya input.

Kutulutsa kumapitirira pa kuchuluka kwakukulu mpaka kufika pa mfundo ya "kudula kwapamwamba" ƒH komwe kutulutsa kumachepa pamlingo wa -20dB/Decade (6dB/Octave) zomwe zimachepetsa zizindikiro zilizonse zama frequency apamwamba. Mfundo ya kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa kutulutsa nthawi zambiri imakhala agency ya geometric ya mtengo wa -3dB pakati pa mfundo zotsika ndi zapamwamba ndipo imatchedwa "Centre Frequency" kapena "Resonant Peak" value ƒr. Agency iyi ya geometric imawerengedwa ngati ƒr 2 = ƒ(KUMWAMBA) x ƒ(KUTSALA).

Afyuluta yodutsa guluimaonedwa ngati fyuluta ya mtundu wachiwiri (ya pole ziwiri) chifukwa ili ndi zigawo ziwiri zosinthika mkati mwa kapangidwe kake ka circuit, ndiye kuti ngodya ya gawo idzakhala yowirikiza kawiri kuposa ya fyuluta yoyamba yomwe idawonedwa kale, mwachitsanzo, 180o. Ngodya ya gawo la chizindikiro chotulutsa imatsogolera kuposa ya input ndi +90o mpaka pakati kapena pafupipafupi ya resonant, ƒr point pomwe idakhala madigiri "zero" (0o) kapena "mu-phase" kenako imasintha kukhala LAG input ndi -90o pamene pafupipafupi yotulutsa ikuwonjezeka.

Ma frequency odulira apamwamba ndi otsika a fyuluta yodutsa ya band angapezeke pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomweyi monga ya fyuluta yotsika ndi yotsika, Mwachitsanzo.